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Hasken LED a yanzu shine fasahar haske mafi shahara. Kusan kowa ya san fa'idodi masu yawa waɗanda na'urorin LED ke bayarwa, musamman kasancewar sun fi ƙarfin kuzari da tsayi fiye da na'urorin hasken gargajiya. Koyaya, yawancin mutane ba su da masaniya sosai game da fasahar da ke bayan hasken LED. A cikin wannan sakon, zamuyi la'akari da yadda fasahar hasken wutar lantarki ta LED ta kasance don fahimtar yadda fitilun LED ke aiki da kuma inda duk fa'idodin da suka samu.

Babi na 1: Menene LEDs kuma yaya suke aiki?

Mataki na farko don fahimtar fasahar hasken LED shine fahimtar abin da LEDs suke. LED yana tsaye ga diode masu fitar da haske. Wadannan diodes su ne semiconductor a cikin yanayi, wanda ke nufin cewa za su iya gudanar da wutar lantarki. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki a kan diode mai haske, sakamakon shine sakin makamashi a cikin nau'i na photon (makamashi haske).

Saboda gaskiyar cewa na'urorin LED suna amfani da diode semiconductor don samar da haske, ana kiran su a matsayin na'urorin haske mai ƙarfi. Sauran fitilu masu ƙarfi sun haɗa da diodes masu fitar da hasken kwayoyin halitta da diodes masu fitar da hasken polymer, waɗanda kuma suke amfani da diode semiconductor.

Babi na 2: LED haske launi da launi zazzabi

Yawancin na'urorin LED suna samar da haske mai launin fari. An rarraba farin haske zuwa nau'i daban-daban dangane da zafi ko sanyi na kowane kayan aiki (don haka yanayin launi). Waɗannan rabe-raben yanayin zafin launi sun haɗa da:

Dumi Fari - 2,700 zuwa 3,000 Kelvin
Farin tsaka tsaki - 3,000 zuwa 4,000 Kelvin
Farin Tsabta - 4,000 zuwa 5,000 Kelvin
Farin Rana - 5,000 zuwa 6,000 Kelvin
Cool White - 7,000 zuwa 7,500 Kelvin
A cikin farin dumi, launi da LEDs ke samarwa yana da launin rawaya, kwatankwacin fitilun fitilu. Yayin da yanayin zafi ya tashi, hasken ya zama fari a bayyanar, har ya kai launin fari na rana, wanda yayi kama da hasken halitta (hasken rana daga rana). Yayin da zafin launi ya ci gaba da karuwa, hasken haske ya fara samun launin shuɗi.

Abu daya da ya kamata ku lura game da diodes masu fitar da haske shine ba sa fitar da farin haske. Ana samun diodes a cikin manyan launuka uku: ja, kore, da shuɗi. Farin launi da ake samu a yawancin kayan aikin LED yana zuwa ne ta hanyar haɗa waɗannan launuka na farko guda uku. Ainihin, haɗa launi a cikin LEDs ya ƙunshi haɗa nau'ikan tsayin haske daban-daban na diodes biyu ko fiye. Don haka, ta hanyar haɗa launi, ana iya samun kowane nau'in launuka guda bakwai waɗanda ke samuwa a cikin bakan haske na bayyane (launi na bakan gizo), waɗanda ke haifar da launin fari idan an haɗa su duka.

Babi na 3: LED da ingantaccen makamashi

Wani muhimmin al'amari na fasahar hasken wutar lantarki na LED shine ingancin makamashinsu. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, kusan kowa ya san cewa LEDs suna da ingantaccen makamashi. Duk da haka, yawancin mutane ba su gane yadda tasirin makamashi ya zo ba.

Abin da ke sa LED ya fi ƙarfin kuzari fiye da sauran fasahohin haske shine gaskiyar cewa LEDs suna canza kusan dukkanin ƙarfin da aka shigar (95%) zuwa makamashin haske. A saman haka, LEDs ba sa fitar da infrared radiation (hasken da ba a iya gani), wanda ake sarrafa shi ta hanyar haɗa tsawon tsawon launi na diodes a cikin kowane madaidaicin don cimma tsayin launin fari kawai.

A gefe guda kuma, fitilun fitilu na yau da kullun yana jujjuya ƙaramin yanki kawai (kimanin kashi 5%) na ikon da ake cinyewa zuwa haske, sauran kuma ana lalatar da su ta hanyar zafi (kimanin 14%) da radiation infrared (kimanin 85%). Don haka, tare da fasahohin hasken gargajiya, ana buƙatar ƙarfi da yawa don samar da isasshen haske, tare da LEDs suna buƙatar ƙarancin kuzari don samar da haske mai kama da haske.

Babi na 4: Hasken haske na kayan aikin LED

Idan kun sayi kwararan fitila ko fitilu a baya, kun saba da wattage. Na dogon lokaci, wutar lantarki ita ce hanyar da aka yarda da ita don auna hasken da aka samar ta hanyar kafa. Duk da haka, tun da zuwan LEDs daidaitawa, wannan ya canza. Hasken da LEDs ke samarwa ana auna shi ne ta hanyar haske mai haske, wanda aka bayyana shi azaman adadin kuzarin da wani haske ke fitarwa ta kowane bangare. Nau'in ma'auni na jujjuyawar haske shine lumens.

Dalilin canza ma'aunin haske daga wattage zuwa haske shine saboda gaskiyar cewa LEDs ƙananan na'urori ne. Sabili da haka, yana da ma'ana don ƙayyade haske ta amfani da fitowar haske maimakon fitarwar wutar lantarki. A saman wannan, nau'ikan na'urorin LED daban-daban suna da tasirin haske daban-daban (ikon canza wutar lantarki zuwa fitowar haske). Don haka, na'urorin da ke cinye adadin ƙarfi ɗaya na iya samun fitowar haske daban.

Babi na 5: LEDs da zafi

Rashin fahimta na yau da kullum game da kayan aikin LED shine cewa ba sa samar da zafi- saboda gaskiyar cewa suna da sanyi don taɓawa. Duk da haka, wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata a sama, ƙaramin yanki na ikon da ake ciyarwa zuwa diodes masu fitar da haske yana canzawa zuwa makamashin zafi.

Dalilin da ya sa na'urorin LED suna da sanyi don taɓawa shine cewa ƙananan ɓangaren makamashin da aka canza zuwa makamashi mai zafi ba shi da yawa. A kan haka, na'urorin LED da za su zo da na'urorin zafi, wanda ke watsar da wannan zafi, wanda ke hana zafi na diodes masu fitar da hasken wuta da kuma wutar lantarki na LED.

Babi na 6: Rayuwar kayan aikin LED

Baya ga kasancewa masu amfani da makamashi, na'urorin hasken wutar lantarki na LEDs kuma sun shahara da ingancin makamashi. Wasu na'urorin LED na iya wucewa tsakanin sa'o'i 50,000 zuwa 70,000, wanda shine kusan sau 5 (ko ma fiye) ya fi tsayi idan aka kwatanta da wasu na'urori masu haske da masu kyalli. Don haka, menene ke sa fitilun LED ya daɗe fiye da sauran nau'ikan haske?

To, daya daga cikin dalilan yana da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa LED fitilu masu ƙarfi ne, yayin da fitilu masu haske da hasken wuta suna amfani da filaments na lantarki, plasma, ko gas don fitar da haske. Filayen lantarki suna ƙonewa cikin sauƙi bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci saboda lalatawar zafi, yayin da ɗakunan gilashin da ke cikin plasma ko gas suna da saurin lalacewa saboda tasiri, girgiza, ko faɗuwa. Wadannan na'urori masu haske ba su da dorewa, kuma ko da sun rayu tsawon lokaci, rayuwarsu ta fi guntu idan aka kwatanta da LEDs.

Abu daya da za a lura game da LEDs da rayuwa shine cewa ba sa ƙonewa kamar kwararan fitila ko incandescent (sai dai idan diodes yayi zafi). Madadin haka, hasken wutar lantarki na LED yana raguwa a hankali a kan lokaci, har sai ya kai kashi 70% na ainihin fitowar haske.

A wannan lokaci (wanda ake kira L70), lalatawar haske ya zama sananne ga idon ɗan adam, kuma raguwar raguwa yana ƙaruwa, yana sa ci gaba da amfani da na'urorin LED ba su da amfani. Don haka ana ɗaukar matakan da suka kai ƙarshen rayuwarsu a wannan lokacin.