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Kuunikira kwa LED tsopano ndiukadaulo wowunikira kwambiri. Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa zabwino zambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi zowunikira za LED, makamaka chifukwa chakuti zimakhala zopatsa mphamvu komanso zokhalitsa kuposa zowunikira zakale. Komabe, anthu ambiri sadziwa zambiri zaukadaulo woyambira kumbuyo kwa kuyatsa kwa LED. Mu positi iyi, tikuwona momwe ukadaulo woyatsira nyali wa LED uliri pansi kuti timvetsetse momwe nyali za LED zimagwirira ntchito komanso komwe mapindu onse adabwera.

Mutu 1: Kodi ma LED ndi chiyani ndipo amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Gawo loyamba pakumvetsetsa ukadaulo wowunikira wa LED ndikumvetsetsa zomwe ma LED ali. LED imayimira ma diode otulutsa kuwala. Ma diode awa ndi semiconductor m'chilengedwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kuyendetsa magetsi. Mphamvu zamagetsi zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa diode yotulutsa kuwala, zotsatira zake ndi kutulutsa mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a photons (mphamvu yowunikira).

Chifukwa chakuti zida za LED zimagwiritsa ntchito semiconductor diode kupanga kuwala, zimatchedwa zida zowunikira zolimba. Kuwala kwina kolimba kumaphatikizapo ma organic emitting diode ndi ma polymer light-emitting diode, omwe amagwiritsanso ntchito semiconductor diode.

Mutu 2: Mtundu wa kuwala kwa LED ndi kutentha kwa mtundu

Zida zambiri za LED zimatulutsa kuwala komwe kumakhala koyera. Kuwala koyera kumagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana kutengera kutentha kapena kuzizira kwa chipangizo chilichonse (motero kutentha kwamtundu). Mitundu ya kutentha kwamitundu iyi ndi:

White White - 2,700 mpaka 3,000 Kelvins
Zoyera zopanda ndale - 3,000 mpaka 4,000 Kelvins
Choyera Choyera - 4,000 mpaka 5,000 Kelvins
Tsiku Loyera - 5,000 mpaka 6,000 Kelvins
White White - 7,000 mpaka 7,500 Kelvins
Mu zoyera zotentha, mtundu wopangidwa ndi ma LED umakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu, wofanana ndi wa nyali za incandescent. Pamene kutentha kwa mtundu kumakwera, kuwala kumakhala koyera, mpaka kufika pamtundu woyera wa tsiku, womwe umafanana ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe (kuwala kwa masana kuchokera kudzuwa). Pamene kutentha kwamtundu kukukulirakulira, kuwala kowala kumayamba kukhala ndi mtundu wabuluu.

Chinthu chimodzi chomwe muyenera kudziwa ponena za ma diode otulutsa kuwala ndikuti samatulutsa kuwala koyera. Ma diode amapezeka mumitundu itatu yayikulu: yofiira, yobiriwira, ndi yabuluu. Mtundu woyera womwe umapezeka muzitsulo zambiri za LED umabwera posakaniza mitundu itatu yoyamba. Kwenikweni, kusanganikirana kwa mitundu mu ma LED kumaphatikizapo kuphatikiza kuwala kosiyanasiyana kwa ma diode awiri kapena kupitilira apo. Choncho, kupyolera mu kusakaniza mitundu, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yomwe imapezeka mu kuwala kowoneka bwino (mitundu ya utawaleza), yomwe imatulutsa mtundu woyera pamene onse aphatikizidwa.

Mutu 3: LED ndi mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri paukadaulo wowunikira wa LED ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo. Monga tanenera kale, pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa kuti ma LED ndi opatsa mphamvu. Komabe, anthu ambiri sadziwa momwe mphamvu zamagetsi zimakhalira.

Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti LED ikhale yogwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa matekinoloje ena owunikira ndi chakuti ma LED amasintha pafupifupi mphamvu zonse zolowetsedwa (95%) kukhala mphamvu yowunikira. Pamwamba pa izo, ma LED satulutsa ma radiation a infrared (kuwala kosawoneka), omwe amayendetsedwa ndikusakaniza mafunde amtundu wa ma diode pamtundu uliwonse kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe oyera okha.

Kumbali ina, nyali yowoneka bwino imatembenuza gawo laling'ono chabe (pafupifupi 5%) la mphamvu yonyeketsa kukhala kuwala, ndi zina zonse zikuwonongeka chifukwa cha kutentha (pafupifupi 14%) ndi ma radiation a infrared (pafupifupi 85%). Choncho, ndi matekinoloje owunikira achikhalidwe, mphamvu zambiri zimafunikira kuti apange kuwala kokwanira, ndi ma LED omwe amafunikira mphamvu zochepa kwambiri kuti apange kuwala kofanana kapena kuwonjezereka.

Chaputala 4: Kuwala kowala kwa zida za LED

Ngati mudagula mababu a incandescent kapena fulorosenti m'mbuyomu, mumadziwa bwino madzi. Kwa nthawi yayitali, madziwa anali njira yovomerezeka yoyezera kuwala kopangidwa ndi chipangizo. Komabe, kuyambira kubwera kwa mawonekedwe a LED, izi zasintha. Kuwala kopangidwa ndi ma LED kumayesedwa mu kuwala kowala, komwe kumatanthauzidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi gwero la kuwala kumbali zonse. Chigawo cha muyeso wa kuwala kowala ndi lumens.

Chifukwa chosinthira muyeso wa kuwala kuchokera pamagetsi kupita ku kuwala ndi chifukwa chakuti ma LED ndi zida zamagetsi zotsika. Choncho, n'zomveka kudziwa kuwala pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kowala m'malo motulutsa mphamvu. Pamwamba pa izo, zowonetsera zosiyanasiyana za LED zimakhala ndi mphamvu zosiyana zowala (kutha kusintha magetsi kukhala magetsi). Chifukwa chake, zida zomwe zimadya mphamvu yofanana zitha kukhala ndi zowala zosiyana kwambiri.

Mutu 5: Ma LED ndi kutentha

Malingaliro olakwika odziwika bwino okhudza zida za LED ndikuti samatulutsa kutentha- chifukwa choti ndi ozizira kukhudza. Komabe, izi sizowona. Monga tafotokozera kale, gawo laling'ono la mphamvu zomwe zimadyetsedwa kukhala ma diode otulutsa kuwala zimasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya kutentha.

Chifukwa chomwe zopangira za LED zimakhala zoziziritsa kukhudza ndikuti gawo laling'ono lamphamvu lomwe limasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yotentha silili lochulukirapo. Pamwamba pa izo, zopangira za LED kuti zibwere ndi masinki otentha, omwe amachotsa kutentha uku, zomwe zimalepheretsa kutenthedwa kwa ma diode otulutsa kuwala ndi mabwalo amagetsi amagetsi a LED.

Chaputala 6: Nthawi yamoyo wa zosintha za LED

Kuphatikiza pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, zowunikira za LED zimadziwikanso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo. Zina zopangira ma LED zimatha kukhala pakati pa 50,000 ndi 70,000 maola, zomwe ndi nthawi pafupifupi 5 (kapena kupitilira apo) motalikirapo poyerekeza ndi zida zina za incandescent ndi fulorosenti. Ndiye, nchiyani chimapangitsa kuti magetsi a LED azikhala nthawi yayitali kuposa mitundu ina ya kuwala?

Eya, chimodzi mwa zifukwa ndichoti LED ndi nyali zolimba, pomwe nyali za incandescent ndi fulorosenti zimagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wamagetsi, plasma, kapena gasi kutulutsa kuwala. Zingwe zamagetsi zimayaka mosavuta pakapita nthawi yochepa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kutentha, pomwe magalasi omwe amakhala mu plasma kapena gasi amatha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kugunda, kugwedezeka, kapena kugwa. Zowunikira izi sizikhala zolimba, ndipo ngakhale zitakhalapo nthawi yayitali, moyo wawo umakhala wamfupi kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma LED.

Chinthu chimodzi choyenera kudziwa za ma LED ndi moyo wonse ndikuti samawotcha ngati mababu a fulorosenti kapena ma incandescent (pokhapokha ngati ma diode atenthedwa). M'malo mwake, kuwala kowala kwa chowongolera cha LED kumatsika pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi, mpaka kukafika 70% yazotulutsa zoyamba zowala.

Panthawiyi (yomwe imatchedwa L70), kuwonongeka kowala kumawonekera m'maso mwa munthu, ndipo chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka chikuwonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupitirizabe kugwiritsira ntchito zida za LED kukhala kosatheka. Zosinthazi zimaganiziridwa kuti zafika kumapeto kwa moyo wawo pakadali pano.