amakuru

Amatara ya LED nubu tekinoroji izwi cyane. Hafi ya buriwese amenyereye inyungu nyinshi zitangwa nibikoresho bya LED, cyane cyane ko zikoresha ingufu kandi zikaramba kuruta urumuri gakondo. Nyamara, abantu benshi ntibafite ubumenyi bwinshi kubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rishingiye inyuma yo kumurika LED. Muri iyi nyandiko, turareba uburyo tekinoroji ya LED yamurika kugirango dusobanukirwe nuburyo amatara ya LED akora n’inyungu zose zageze.

Igice cya 1: LED ni iki kandi zikora gute?

Intambwe yambere yo gusobanukirwa tekinoroji ya LED ni ukumva LED icyo aricyo. LED igereranya urumuri rusohora urumuri. Iyi diode ni semiconductor muri kamere, bivuze ko ishobora kuyobora amashanyarazi. Iyo amashanyarazi akoreshejwe hejuru yumucyo usohora diode, igisubizo nukurekura ingufu muburyo bwa fotone (ingufu zumucyo).

Bitewe nuko ibikoresho bya LED bikoresha diode ya semiconductor kugirango bitange urumuri, bavugwa nkibikoresho bikomeye bya leta. Andi matara akomeye arimo urumuri rusohora diode hamwe na polymer itanga urumuri rwa polymer, nayo ikoresha diode ya semiconductor.

Igice cya 2: LED ibara ryoroshye nubushyuhe bwamabara

Ibikoresho byinshi bya LED bitanga urumuri rwera mubara. Itara ryera rishyirwa mubyiciro bitandukanye bitewe n'ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje bwa buri kintu (niyo mpamvu ubushyuhe bwamabara). Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'amabara birimo:

Cyera cyera - 2.700 kugeza 3.000 Kelvins
Umweru utabogamye - 3.000 kugeza 4000 Kelvins
Cyera cyera - 4000 kugeza 5.000 Kelvins
Umunsi Wera - 5.000 kugeza 6.000 Kelvins
Cool White - 7,000 kugeza 7.500 Kelvins
Mu cyera gishyushye, ibara ryakozwe na LED rifite ibara ry'umuhondo, risa n'iry'amatara yaka. Mugihe ubushyuhe bwamabara buzamutse, urumuri ruba rwera mumiterere, kugeza rugeze kumunsi ibara ryera, risa nurumuri rusanzwe (urumuri rwumunsi ruturuka ku zuba). Mugihe ubushyuhe bwamabara bukomeje kwiyongera, urumuri rutangira kugira ibara ryubururu.

Ikintu kimwe ugomba, icyakora, menya kubyerekeye urumuri rusohora diode nuko bidatanga urumuri rwera. Diode iraboneka mumabara atatu yibanze: umutuku, icyatsi, nubururu. Ibara ryera riboneka mubintu byinshi LED biza bivanga no kuvanga aya mabara atatu yibanze. Ahanini, kuvanga amabara muri LED bikubiyemo guhuza urumuri rutandukanye rwumucyo wa diode ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi. Kubwibyo, binyuze mumabara avanze, birashoboka kugera kumabara ayo ari yo yose arindwi aboneka mumucyo ugaragara (amabara y'umukororombya), atanga ibara ryera iyo yose hamwe.

Igice cya 3: LED ningufu zingirakamaro

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize tekinoroji ya LED ni imbaraga zabo. Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, hafi ya bose bazi ko LED ikoresha ingufu. Nyamara, umubare munini wabantu ntibazi uburyo ingufu zikoreshwa.

Ikintu gituma LED ikora neza kurusha ubundi buhanga bwo gucana ni uko LED ihindura imbaraga hafi ya zose zinjijwe (95%) mu mbaraga zoroheje. Hejuru yibyo, LED ntisohora imirasire yimirasire (urumuri rutagaragara), iyobowe no kuvanga uburebure bwamabara ya diode muri buri gice kugirango igere gusa kumurongo wera gusa.

Ku rundi ruhande, itara risanzwe ryaka rihindura igice gito (hafi 5%) cyingufu zikoreshwa mumucyo, naho ibindi bigapfusha ubusa ubushyuhe (hafi 14%) hamwe nimirasire yumuriro (hafi 85%). Kubwibyo, hamwe nubuhanga gakondo bwo kumurika, imbaraga nyinshi zirakenewe kugirango zitange urumuri ruhagije, hamwe na LED ikenera ingufu nke cyane kugirango zitange urumuri rusa cyangwa rwinshi.

Igice cya 4: Luminous flux ya LED ibikoresho

Niba waguze amatara yaka cyangwa fluorescent mu bihe byashize, umenyereye wattage. Igihe kinini, wattage niyo nzira yemewe yo gupima urumuri rwakozwe na fixture. Ariko, kuva haza LEDs fixture, ibi byarahindutse. Umucyo ukorwa na LED upimirwa mumashanyarazi, asobanurwa nkingufu zitangwa nisoko yumucyo mubyerekezo byose. Igice cyo gupima luminous flux ni lumens.

Impamvu yo guhindura igipimo cyurumuri kuva wattage ukajya kumurika biterwa nuko LED ari ibikoresho bike. Kubwibyo, birumvikana cyane kumenya umucyo ukoresheje ibimurika aho kuba ingufu zisohoka. Hejuru yibyo, ibikoresho bitandukanye bya LED bifite imikorere itandukanye (ubushobozi bwo guhindura amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi). Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bitwara imbaraga zingana bishobora kugira umusaruro utandukanye cyane.

Igice cya 5: LED n'ubushyuhe

Igitekerezo gikunze kugaragara kubijyanye na LED ni uko bidatanga ubushyuhe- bitewe nuko bikonje gukoraho. Ariko, ibi ntabwo arukuri. Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, igice gito cyingufu zagaburiwe diode zisohora urumuri zihinduka ingufu zubushyuhe.

Impamvu ituma LED ikonjesha ikonje gukoraho nuko igice gito cyingufu zahinduwe ingufu zubushyuhe ntabwo ari nyinshi. Hejuru yibyo, ibikoresho bya LED biza kuzana ibyuma bifata ubushyuhe, bigabanya ubu bushyuhe, bukabuza gushyuha cyane kumashanyarazi asohora diode hamwe nu mashanyarazi yumuriro wa LED.

Igice cya 6: Ubuzima bwibikoresho bya LED

Usibye kuba ingufu zikoresha ingufu, urumuri rwa LED rurazwi cyane kandi rukoresha ingufu. Ibikoresho bimwe bya LED birashobora kumara hagati yamasaha 50.000 na 70.000, ibyo bikaba bikubye inshuro 5 (cyangwa birenze) ugereranije nibintu bimwe na bimwe bya florescent. None, niki gituma amatara ya LED aramba kurenza ubundi bwoko bwurumuri?

Nibyiza, imwe mumpamvu zifitanye isano nuko LED ari amatara akomeye ya leta, mugihe amatara yaka na fluorescent akoresha amashanyarazi, plasma, cyangwa gaze kugirango asohora urumuri. Amashanyarazi yumuriro arashya byoroshye nyuma yigihe gito kubera kwangirika kwubushyuhe, mugihe ibirahuri birimo plasma cyangwa gaze byoroshye kwangirika bitewe ningaruka, kunyeganyega, cyangwa kugwa. Ibikoresho byoroheje rero ntibiramba, kandi niyo byabaho igihe kirekire bihagije, ubuzima bwabo ni bugufi cyane ugereranije na LED.

Ikintu kimwe ugomba kumenya kuri LED nubuzima bwose nuko bidacana nka fluorescent cyangwa amatara yaka (keretse iyo diode ishyushye). Ahubwo, luminous flux ya LED fixture igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro mugihe, kugeza igeze kuri 70% yumusaruro wambere wambere.

Kuri ubu (byitwa L70), kwangirika kwinshi kugaragara kumaso yumuntu, kandi igipimo cyo kwangirika cyiyongera, bigatuma gukomeza gukoresha ibikoresho bya LED bidashoboka. Ibikoresho rero bifatwa nkaho bigeze ku ndunduro yubuzima bwabo muri iki gihe.