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Ukukhanya kwe-LED ngoku yeyona teknoloji eyaziwayo yokukhanyisa. Phantse wonke umntu uqhelene neenzuzo ezininzi ezibonelelwa zizilungisi ze-LED, ngakumbi into yokuba zisebenza ngamandla kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kunezibane zemveli. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu alunalo ulwazi oluninzi malunga netekhnoloji engaphantsi kokukhanya kwe-LED. Kule post, sijonga indlela engaphantsi kobuchwephesha bokukhanyisa i-LED ukuze siqonde indlela izibane ze-LED ezisebenza ngayo kunye nalapho zonke izibonelelo eziye zeza ngazo.

Isahluko 1: Yintoni ii-LED kwaye zisebenza njani?

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuqonda iteknoloji yokukhanyisa i-LED kukuqonda ukuba zeziphi ii-LED. I-LED imele ii-diode ezikhupha ukukhanya. Ezi diode ziyi-semiconductor kwindalo, oku kuthetha ukuba banokuqhuba umbane wombane. Xa umbane wombane usetyenziswa kwi-diode ekhupha ukukhanya, umphumo kukukhululwa kwamandla ngendlela yeefotoni (amandla okukhanya).

Ngenxa yokuba izixhobo ze-LED zisebenzisa i-semiconductor diode ukuvelisa ukukhanya, zibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zokukhanya eziqinileyo. Ezinye izibane zesimo esiqinileyo ziquka i-organic light emitting diode kunye ne-polymer light-emitting diode, ekwasebenzisa i-semiconductor diode.

Isahluko 2: Ukukhanya kombala we-LED kunye nobushushu bombala

Uninzi lwezixhobo ze-LED zivelisa ukukhanya okumhlophe ngombala. Ukukhanya okumhlophe kuhlelwe ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu okanye kukufudumala kwesixhobo ngasinye (kungoko ubushushu bombala). Olu lwahlulo lobushushu bemibala lubandakanya:

White White - 2,700 ukuba 3,000 Kelvins
Umhlophe ophakathi - 3,000 ukuya kwi-4,000 Kelvins
Umhlophe ococekileyo - 4,000 ukuya kwi-5,000 Kelvins
Usuku Olumhlophe - 5,000 ukuya kwi-6,000 Kelvins
Cool White - 7,000 ukuba 7,500 Kelvins
Kumhlophe ofudumeleyo, umbala oveliswa zii-LED unombala otyheli, ofana naleyo yezibane ze-incandescent. Njengoko ubushushu bombala buphakama, ukukhanya kuba mhlophe ngokubonakala, de kufike umbala omhlophe wemini, ofana nokukhanya kwendalo (ukukhanya kwemini ukusuka elangeni). Njengoko ubushushu bombala buqhubeka bukhula, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuqala ukuba ne-blueish hue.

Enye into omele uyiqaphele, nangona kunjalo, malunga nee-diode ezikhupha ukukhanya kukuba azivelisi ukukhanya okumhlophe. Iidiode zifumaneka ngemibala emithathu yokuqala: obomvu, oluhlaza kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala omhlophe ofumaneka kwizixhobo ezininzi ze-LED uza malunga nokuxuba le mibala mithathu iphambili. Ngokusisiseko, ukudityaniswa kombala kwii-LED kubandakanya ukudibanisa amaza okukhanya ahlukeneyo kwiidiode ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Ngoko ke, ngokuxutywa kombala, kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza nayiphi na imibala esixhenxe efumaneka kukukhanya okubonakalayo (imibala yomnyama), evelisa umbala omhlophe xa zidityanisiwe.

Isahluko sesi-3: I-LED kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo yobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa i-LED kukusebenza kwabo kwamandla. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, phantse wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ii-LED zisebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abaqondi ukuba kwenzeka njani ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

Into eyenza i-LED ibe namandla ngakumbi kunobunye ubugcisa bokukhanyisa yinto yokuba ii-LED ziguqula phantse onke amandla afakiweyo (95%) abe ngamandla okukhanya. Ngaphezulu koko, ii-LED azikhuphi imitha ye-infrared (ukukhanya okungabonakaliyo), elawulwa ngokuxuba amaza ombala we-diode kwindawo nganye ukufezekisa kuphela ubude bombala omhlophe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isibane esiqhelekileyo se-incandescent siguqula kuphela inxalenye encinci (malunga ne-5%) yamandla asetyenzisiweyo ekukhanyeni, kunye nokunye okuchithwa ngobushushu (malunga ne-14%) kunye nemitha ye-infrared (malunga ne-85%). Ke ngoko, ngetekhnoloji yokukhanyisa yesiko, amandla amaninzi ayafuneka ukuze kuveliswe ukukhanya okwaneleyo, kunye nee-LED ezifuna amandla amancinci kakhulu ukuvelisa ukuqaqamba okufanayo okanye ngaphezulu.

Isahluko sesi-4: Ukuguquguquka okuqaqambileyo kwezixhobo ze-LED

Ukuba uthenge ii-incandescent okanye ii-fluorescent light bulbs kwixesha elidlulileyo, uqhelene nombane. Ixesha elide, i-wattage yayiyeyona ndlela eyamkelekileyo yokulinganisa ukukhanya okuveliswa yi-fixture. Nangona kunjalo, okoko kwafika ukulungiswa kwee-LEDs, oku kutshintshile. Ukukhanya okuveliswa zii-LED kulinganiswa ngokuguquguquka okukhanyayo, okuchazwa njengobungakanani bamandla akhutshwa ngumthombo wokukhanya kuwo onke amacala. Iyunithi yomlinganiselo we-lumens flux.

Isizathu sokutshintsha umlinganiselo wokukhanya ukusuka kumbane ukuya ekukhanyeni kungenxa yokuba ii-LED zizixhobo zamandla aphantsi. Ke ngoko, kunengqiqo ngakumbi ukumisela ukukhanya usebenzisa imveliso ekhanyayo endaweni yemveliso yamandla. Ngaphezulu koko, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-LED zinokusebenza okukhanyayo okwahlukileyo (ukukwazi ukuguqula umbane wangoku ube yimveliso yokukhanya). Ke ngoko, izixhobo ezisebenzisa umlinganiselo ofanayo wamandla zinokuba nemveliso ekhanyayo eyahlukileyo kakhulu.

Isahluko 5: ii-LED kunye nobushushu

Ukungaqondi kakuhle okuqhelekileyo malunga nezixhobo ze-LED kukuba azivelisi ubushushu- ngenxa yokuba zipholile xa zibamba. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyonyani. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, inxalenye encinci yamandla efakwe kwiidiode ezikhupha ukukhanya iguqulwa ibe amandla obushushu.

Isizathu sokuba kutheni izilungiso ze-LED zipholile ekuchukumiseni kukuba indawo encinci yamandla eguqulelwe kumandla obushushu ayininzi kakhulu. Ngaphezulu koko, izixhobo ze-LED eziza kunye neesinki zokushisa, ezichitha obu bushushu, obunqanda ukufudumeza kwee-diode ezikhupha ukukhanya kunye neesekethe zombane zezixhobo ze-LED.

Isahluko sesi-6: Ubomi bezixhobo ze-LED

Ukongeza ekusebenzeni kwamandla, izibane ze-LED zikwadume ngokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Ezinye izixhobo ze-LED zingahlala phakathi kwe-50,000 kunye ne-70,000 yeeyure, ezimalunga namaxesha ama-5 (okanye nangaphezulu) ixesha elide xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izixhobo ze-incandescent kunye ne-fluorescent. Ke, yintoni eyenza izibane ze-LED zihlale ixesha elide kunezinye iintlobo zokukhanya?

Ewe, esinye sezizathu sinento yokwenza nento yokuba i-LED izibane zelizwe eziqinileyo, ngelixa izibane ze-incandescent kunye ne-fluorescent zisebenzisa i-filaments yombane, i-plasma, okanye igesi ukuze ikhuphe ukukhanya. Imicu yombane ivutha ngokulula emva kwexesha elifutshane ngenxa yokuthotywa kobushushu, ngelixa iiglasi ezigcina iplasma okanye igesi zichaphazeleka kakhulu kumonakalo ngenxa yempembelelo, ukungcangcazela, okanye ukuwa. Ezi zinto zikhanyisayo azihlali ixesha elide, kwaye nokuba ziphila ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo, ubomi babo bufutshane kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nee-LEDs.

Enye into ekufuneka uyiqaphele malunga nee-LED kunye nexesha lokuphila kukuba azitshi njenge-fluorescent okanye ii-incandescent bulbs (ngaphandle kokuba ii-diode zitshisa kakhulu). Endaweni yoko, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kokulungiswa kwe-LED kuyehla kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha, de ifikelele kwi-70% yemveliso ekhanyayo yoqobo.

Kweli nqanaba (elibizwa ngokuba yi-L70), ukuthotywa okukhanyayo kubonakala kwiliso lomntu, kwaye izinga lokuthotywa liyenyuka, okwenza ukuba ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezixhobo ze-LED kungenakwenzeka. Izixhobo ke ngoko zithathwa njengezifikelele esiphelweni sobomi babo ngeli xesha.